Example 16 Tenses and passive

I am go to school

I am going to school

I have go to school

I have been going to school

Budi was played football

Budi was playing football

Budi had play football

Budi had benn playing football

You will win the game

You will be winning the game

Ratih will have gone to school

Ratih will have been going to school

He would to meet you

Yoga would be attending the conference

Indra would have gone at midnight

Andi would have been playing basketball

Football was played by he

Football was being played by he

Football have been played by he

Football have been being played by he

Car was driven by he

Car was being driven by he

The piano had been played by miko

The piano had been being played by miko

The show will be directed by andi

The show will have been directed by andi

The show will being directed by andi

The show will have been being directed by andi

Chicken would eaten by snake

Chicken would have been eaten by snake

Chicken would being eaten by snake

Chicken would have been being eaten by snake

History of electrical engineering

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

 

History

Automatic control systems were first developed over two thousand years ago. The first feedback control device on record is thought to be the ancient Ktesibios's water clock in Alexandria, Egypt around the third century B.C. It kept time by regulating the water level in a vessel and, therefore, the water flow from that vessel. This certainly was a successful device as water clocks of similar design were still being made in Baghdad when the Mongols captured the city in 1258 A.D. A variety of automatic devices have been used over the centuries to accomplish useful tasks or simply to just entertain. The latter includes the automata, popular in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, featuring dancing figures that would repeat the same task over and over again; these automata are examples of open-loop control. Milestones among feedback, or "closed-loop" automatic control devices, include the temperature regulator of a furnace attributed to Drebbel, circa 1620, and the centrifugal flyball governor used for regulating the speed of steam engines by James Watt in 1788.

In his 1868 paper "On Governors", James Clerk Maxwell was able to explain instabilities exhibited by the flyball governor using differential equations to describe the control system. This demonstrated the importance and usefulness of mathematical models and methods in understanding complex phenomena, and signaled the beginning of mathematical control and systems theory. Elements of control theory had appeared earlier but not as dramatically and convincingly as in Maxwell's analysis.

Control theory made significant strides over the next century. New mathematical techniques as well as advancements in electronic and computer technologies made it possible to control significantly more complex dynamical systems than the original flyball governor could stabilize. New mathematical techniques included developments in optimal control in the 1950s and 1960s followed by progress in stochastic, robust, adaptive, nonlinear, and azid-based control methods in the 1970s and 1980s. Applications of control methodology have helped to make possible space travel and communication satellites, safer and more efficient aircraft, cleaner automobile engines, and cleaner and more-efficient chemical processes.

Before it emerged as a unique discipline, control engineering was practiced as a part of mechanical engineering and control theory was studied as a part of electrical engineering since electrical circuits can often be easily described using control theory techniques. In the very first control relationships, a current output was represented with a voltage control input. However, not having proper technology to implement electrical control systes, designers left with the option of less efficient and slow responding mechanical systems. A very effective mechanical controller that is still widely used in some hydro plants is the governor. Later on, previous to modern power electronics, process control systems for industrial applications were devised by mechanical engineers using pneumatic and hydraulic control devices, many of which are still in use today.

 

Terjemahan:

Sejarah

sistem kontrol otomatis pertama kali dikembangkan lebih dari dua ribu tahun yang lalu. Perangkat kontrol umpan balik pertama pada catatan dianggap jam kuno Ktesibios ini air di Alexandria, Mesir sekitar SM abad ketiga Itu terus waktu dengan mengatur tingkat air di kapal dan, oleh karena itu, aliran air dari kapal itu. Hal ini tentu merupakan perangkat yang sukses sebagai jam air desain serupa masih dibuat di Baghdad ketika Mongol merebut kota pada tahun 1258 Masehi Berbagai perangkat otomatis telah digunakan selama berabad-abad untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang berguna atau hanya untuk sekedar menghibur. Yang terakhir termasuk automata, populer di Eropa pada abad ke-17 dan ke-18, menampilkan tokoh menari yang akan mengulangi tugas yang sama berulang-ulang; automata ini adalah contoh dari kontrol loop terbuka. Milestones antara umpan balik, atau "loop tertutup" perangkat kontrol otomatis, termasuk regulator suhu tungku dikaitkan dengan Drebbel, sekitar tahun 1620, dan gubernur flyball sentrifugal yang digunakan untuk mengatur kecepatan mesin uap oleh James Watt pada tahun 1788.

Pada tahun 1868 makalahnya "On Gubernur", James Clerk Maxwell mampu menjelaskan ketidakstabilan dipamerkan oleh gubernur flyball menggunakan persamaan diferensial untuk menggambarkan sistem kontrol. Ini menunjukkan pentingnya dan kegunaan model matematika dan metode dalam memahami fenomena yang kompleks, dan menandai awal dari kontrol matematika dan teori sistem. Elemen teori kontrol telah muncul sebelumnya tapi tidak dramatis dan meyakinkan seperti dalam analisis Maxwell.

teori kontrol membuat langkah signifikan selama abad berikutnya. teknik matematika baru serta kemajuan dalam teknologi elektronik dan komputer memungkinkan untuk mengontrol sistem dinamis secara signifikan lebih kompleks daripada gubernur flyball asli bisa menstabilkan. teknik matematika baru termasuk perkembangan di kontrol optimal pada 1950-an dan 1960-an diikuti oleh kemajuan dalam stokastik, kuat, adaptif, nonlinear, dan metode kontrol berbasis azid pada 1970-an dan 1980-an. Aplikasi metodologi kontrol telah membantu untuk membuat kemungkinan perjalanan ruang angkasa dan satelit komunikasi, pesawat lebih aman dan lebih efisien, mesin mobil bersih, dan proses kimia lebih bersih dan lebih efisien.

Sebelum itu muncul sebagai suatu disiplin unik, teknik kontrol dipraktekkan sebagai bagian dari teknik mesin dan kontrol teori dipelajari sebagai bagian dari teknik listrik sejak sirkuit listrik sering bisa dengan mudah dijelaskan dengan menggunakan teknik teori kontrol. Dalam hubungan kontrol pertama, arus keluaran diwakili dengan masukan kontrol tegangan. Namun, tidak memiliki teknologi yang tepat untuk menerapkan sistem kontrol listrik, desainer kiri dengan pilihan sistem mekanik menanggapi kurang efisien dan lambat. Sebuah controller mekanik yang sangat efektif yang masih banyak digunakan di beberapa tanaman hidro adalah gubernur. Kemudian, sebelumnya untuk elektronika daya modern, sistem kontrol proses untuk aplikasi industri yang dirancang oleh insinyur mekanik menggunakan perangkat kontrol pneumatik dan hidrolik, banyak yang masih digunakan sampai sekarang.

 

5W1H FROM THE TEXT

 

What is control engineering ?

 *Control engineering is the engineering discipline that focuses on the modeling of a diverse range of dynamic systems (e.g. mechanical systems) and the design of controllers that will cause these systems to behave in the desired manner.

When is the first automatic control system developed ?

 *Automatic control systems were first developed over two thousand years ago

where is  the first feedback control device on the record considered ancient ?

 *The first feedback control device on record is thought to be the ancient Ktesibios's water clock in Alexandria, Egypt around the third century B.C

How was James Clerk Maxwell explain instabilities exhibited ?

 *He using differential equations to describe the control system

Who used centrifugal flyball governor to control the speed of a steam engine?

 *He was James Watt in 1788.

why was  the automatic control system first developed ?

 *Automatic control systems were first developed over two thousand years ago

 

SENTENCES

 

Verbal

            1.         The first feedback control device on record is told  to be the ancient Ktesibios's water clock in Alexandria, Egypt around the third century B.C

                        S + To be + Adjective + Adverb

                        Tenses: Simple present tense

 

2.        Applications of control methodology have helped to make possible space travel and communication satellites

                        S + Has/Have + V3 + verb

                        Tenses :Present Perfect Continous Tense

 

3.        A very effective mechanical controller that is still widely used in some hydro plants is the governor

                        S + To be + V3 + adverb

                        Tenses: Simple Present tense

 

4.        control engineering was practiced as a part of mechanical engineering and control theory was studied as a part of electrical engineering since electrical circuits can often be easily described using control theory techniques

                        S + To be + V3 + Adverb

                       Tenses : Past tense

 

5.        Control theory made significant strides over the next century

                         S + V2

                       Tenses : Past tense

                      

  ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

Active sentences         

            1.Passive*Automatic control systems were first developed over two thousand years ago.

            *Maxwell first developed automatic control systems over two thousand years ago

            *past tense

            2.active*Applications of control methodology have helped to make possible space travel and communication satellites

            *to make possible space travel and communication satellites we have been helped by Applications of control methodology

            * Present perfect tense

            3.active* Elements of control theory had appeared earlier but not as dramatically and convincingly as in Maxwell's analysis.

            *earlier but not as dramatically and convincingly as in Maxwell's analysis had been appeared james watt Elements of control theory.

            *past perfect tense

            4.passive*A variety of automatic devices have been used over the centuries to accomplish useful tasks or simply to just entertain

            *over the centuries to accomplish useful tasks or simply to just entertain have used  a variety of automatic devices

            *present perfect tense

            5.active*Control theory made significant strides over the next century.

            *significant strides over the next century was  made by Control theory

            *past  tense

 

CONCLUSION
we found five sentences, five sentences verbal. we dont find sentences nominal. we found too four active sentences and one passive sentences. the sentences is : simple present tense, past tense, present perfect continous tense, and present perfect tense